Hellenizing Dance. Greek Theater and Ausdruckstanz in Fascist Italy

For the nationalist propaganda, the spectacularizing of Italy’s classical past was of the outmost importance, but ancient dances turned out to be more awkward to translate than ancient texts. Despite the all-Italian image projected on the spectacles, INDA looked abroad for dance vocabularies that satisfied their own dramaturgical requirements yet also, at least putatively, the fascist ideologies regarding group movement and female bodies. The choice fell on the Hellerau Laxenburg Schule, a flagship institution for eurhythmics based near Vienna. This collaboration produced an unlikely hybrid of philhellenic aesthetics, fascist ideologies, and essentially subversive dance practices. In retrospect, the results strike us as being classicist yet modernist, ideological yet progressive, nationalistic yet cosmopolitan, philological yet visionary—that is, ultimately, above these very divisions.